I tävling och träning följer vi ett regelsystem som gäller för SCA (SKA). Dessa regler är godkända enligt kampsportslagen.
8 June 2007
Index
I. CONVENTIONS
II. WEAPONS AND PARRYING DEVICES
III. PROTECTIVE GEAR
IV. MARSHALLING CONCERNS IN PERIOD FENCING
V. QUALIFICATIONS FOR AUTHORISATION
VI. APPENDIX
Kingdom of Drachenwald Rules for Period Fencing
Last updated 8th June 2007 by Master Cernac the Celt (Drachenwald Cut and Thrust Marshal), Antonio di Rienzo (Drachenwald Marshal of Fence), Master Aethstan (Kingdom Earl Marshal), Lord Grim Raske, THL Thomas Langland, Master Pietari Uv, Baron Agilmar von Sevelingen with thanks to the other members of the Drachenrapier community for proofreading and suggestions Drachenwald rules for Period Fencing
Note: For reasons of accurate nomenclature, specifically that these rules cover combat with more weapon types than just rapiers, including scimitars and sideswords etc., I am using the term ‘Period Fence’ or ‘Period Fencing’ over ‘Rapier Combat’, throughout these rules.
INTRODUCTION
These rules define the fundamental standards for period fencing throughout Drachenwald. All fighters and marshals in Drachenwald are responsible for knowing these rules.
Rules are designed to promote safety for Period Fencing activity in Drachenwald. However, no matter how clear or accurate, rules cannot replace common sense, good judgment, and concern for the participants. If a question arises when applying these standards, choose the answer that promotes the greatest degree of safety for all participants.
I. CONVENTIONS
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
A. Period Fencing shall be conducted in accordance with the Rules of the Lists and Conventions of Combat of the SCA Inc and the Drachenwald Rapier Marshals Handbook, these rules, and any additional rules that are established by Drachenwald.
B. All combatants, prior to every session of combat or practice, shall ensure their equipment is safe, in good working order and have the equipment inspected by a member of the Kingdom Marshallate authorised to inspect rapier gear.
C. At inter-kingdom events, for any given Kingdom's tourney, guest combatants shall meet the SCA minimum standards for protective gear, but shall comply with whatever weapons standards are being used by the host kingdom for that tourney.
D. Unless otherwise directed by Kingdom Law, the Crown's representative upon the field and in all matters dealing with period Fencing is the Earl Marshal, then the Kingdom Rapier Marshal, then, by delegation, members of the Kingdom Rapier Marshallate.
E. There are three categories of period fencing, each requiring separate authorisation. All of these categories are permitted in Drachenwald.
These categories are:
• Light fencing
• Heavy fencing
• Cut-and-thrust fencing (C&T)
Except where noted, all rules apply to all three forms of period fencing. One of the major differences in the three forms is the allowable blades, which are specified in Appendix 5.
II. WEAPONS AND PARRYING DEVICES
1. Sharp points, edges or corners are not allowed anywhere on any equipment.
2. All equipment must be able to safely withstand combat stresses.
3. Equipment that is likely to break a blade or damage other equipment is prohibited.
A. Light rapier does not permit any equipment that has small rigid openings large enough to admit a properly tipped light rapier blade (i.e. small holes in bell guards, small openings in a cage or swept hilt, any design which has acute angles where a blade could easily be wedged and bent). Knuckle bows are deemed safe for use with light rapier blades.
III. PROTECTIVE GEAR
1. In order of increasing resistance:
A. Abrasion-resistant material: material that will withstand normal combat stresses (such as being snagged by an unbroken blade) without tearing.
Examples include, but are not limited to:
• broadcloth
• a single layer of heavy poplin cloth (35% cotton, 65% polyester; "trigger" cloth)
• sweat pants
• opaque cotton, poly-cotton or lycra/spandex mix tights
Nylon pantyhose and cotton gauze shirts are examples of unacceptable materials.
B. Puncture-resistant material: any fabric or combination of fabrics that will predictably withstand puncture.
Examples include, but are not limited to:
• Four-ounce (2 mm) leather;
• four layers of heavy poplin cloth;
• ballistic nylon rated to at least 550 Newtons;
• commercial fencing clothing rated to at least 550 Newtons.
Kevlar is not an acceptable material, as it degrades rapidly. These materials need only be tested at the marshal’s discretion; all other materials must be tested the first time new gear is used, or if no marshal on the field knows a given piece of gear to have been tested.
(Refer to Appendix 1 on Testing Standards.)
C. Rigid Material: puncture-resistant material that will not significantly flex, spread apart, or deform under pressure of 12 Kg applied by a standard mask tester, repeatedly to any single point.
Examples of rigid material are:
• 22 gauge stainless steel (0.8 mm)
• 20 gauge mild steel (1.0 mm)
• 16 gauge aluminium, copper, or brass (1.6 mm)
• one layer of hardened heavy leather (8 ounce, 4 mm)
IV. MARSHALLING CONCERNS IN PERIOD FENCING
1. Marshals: i. Fencing Marshals are not subordinate to Knight Marshals, they are a separate entity.
ii. Marshals shall be specifically trained and warranted for period fencing. Local Marshals and Marshals at Large shall be warranted by the Regional Marshal, Regional Marshals shall be warranted by the Kingdom Marshal of Fence, who is in turn appointed by the Crown.
iii. Marshals shall be thoroughly versed in the Drachenwald Fencing Rules, and shall enforce those rules.
iv. Marshals shall obey the guidelines as they are pointed out in the Drachenwald Marshal’s Handbook and the Drachenwald Rapier Marshals Handbook.
An additional warrant is required to marshal Cut-and-thrust fencing. Only such marshals may organise and take overall charge of Cut-and-thrust activities that go beyond training practice at events. Cut-and-thrust combat may be marshalled on the field by a marshal who is authorised in Cut-and-thrust, they do not need to be a warranted Cut-and-thrust marshal (therefore even if there is only a single warranted C&T marshal at an event, he or she can still participate in a tournament while another marshal authorised in C&T marshals the bout). Only a Cut-and-thrust marshal may authorise new Cut-and-thrust fencers. Applicants for this warrant should contact the Kingdom Deputy Rapier Marshal for Cut-and-thrust, who will issue these.
It is expected that marshals must become familiar with the rules and practice of all allowed types of fencing. It is intended that after the initial implementation period of C&T, all marshals will become sufficiently familiar with C&T fencing to safely oversee it. Therefore the requirement for separate warrants in C&T marshalling is considered to be temporary and is subject to review by the Kingdom Marshal of Fence and the Kingdom Deputy for Cut-and-thrust fencing annually from the date of publication of these rules, and at other times as may be determined appropriate by them.
2. Authorisations: Competence in other SCA combat styles does not automatically mean competence in fencing. Separate warrants and authorisations in period fencing are required.
Fencing authorisations shall be performed by an observing marshal, and a marshal facing the person attempting to be authorised. The marshal fencing against the candidate must be authorised in the weapon form being authorised.
For a Cut-and-thrust authorisation, one of the authorising marshals must be a warranted Cutand- thrust marshal.
A re-authorisation is required to update a previous sidesword authorisation to a Cut-and-thrust authorisation. This can only be a carried out by a C&T marshal. It need not be as formal as a new authorisation, it must include full-speed free play. the C&T marshal may fence with the candidate on his own, if both are mutually agreeable. The re-authorisation must include a verbal test on the Cut-and-thrust rules, as they have changed from those of the kingdom sidesword program.
If the candidate is not satisfied with the result of an informal re-authorisation they may request a formal authorisation procedure for C&T, with no prejudice to the result (i.e. the new authorisation test overrides the conclusions of a previous informal re-authorisation procedure).
3. Equipment Inspection: Prior to the start of a list, the Marshal shall inspect all equipment (Armour, Weapons and Parry-devices) of all fencers participating in the list. This is a service for the fencers, to make sure that they may be fencing under the safest conditions possible. This does not alter the fact that each fencer is fully responsible for the safety of his equipment and behaviour.
4. Marshalling a Bout: All tournament bouts shall have at least one fencing marshal present. An additional marshal or marshal-in-training is strongly recommended. The marshal of a bout has the final word on a fencer’s conduct on the field.
i. Prior to beginning or resuming combat, the marshal shall request and receive verbal confirmation that all are ready before fighting commences.
ii. At the conclusion of each combat bout, the marshal will ask if all the combatants are satisfied with the outcome before summoning the herald onto the field. If a fencer disputes the outcome, he must settle the grievance before leaving the field. Departing the field will be considered acceptance of the results.
iii. During the bout Marshals shall pay special attention to the following situations: (a) Marshals and fighters shall pay special attention for missing tips or broken blades.
(b) EXCESSIVE IMPACT: Combat in the Society poses risks to the participant. This recognition, however, does not excuse fighters from exercising control in their techniques. If a fighter throws blows which forces their opponent to retire from the field, from a real injury (even one which only causes brief incapacitation), the marshal responsible for the field shall take such steps as are appropriate to prevent the problem from recurring.
(c) CLOAKS: When cloaks are used, "HOLD" should be called if the cloak becomes tangled about either fighter, or about one of the weapons such that the weapon cannot be withdrawn. "HOLD" need not be called if the cloak is merely near the face, deflecting a weapon, loosely draped over, or weighting down the blade.
(d) BLADE GRASPING: Blade grasping is allowed in Cut-and-thrust fencing, and optionally in heavy blade fencing. When a blade has been grasped by an opponent, "HOLD" shall be called if wrestling for control of the blade occurs.
iv. The means to enforce the rules: (a) Marshals may issue a caution for such behaviour as: excessive slapping or chopping with blade in light or heavy blade fencing, hitting with excessive force or not calling blows.
(b) Marshals may issue a reprimand for such behaviour as continuing to slap, chop outside of Cut-and-thrust fencing, hitting too hard, not calling blows following a Caution, not obeying the marshal, or losing temper on the field.
Reprimands shall be formally reported to the Marshal in Charge, who will in turn report them up the marshallate chain. Fighters may continue to fight a bout after the first reprimand.
c If a reprimand proves insufficient, a fighter may be removed from the bout. A report will be issued to the Marshal in Charge, who shall report this action up the reporting chain.
d If even this proves insufficient, or in cases of severe breaches of the Rapier Rules, Policies of the Earl Marshal or the standards of safe and honourable combat, the fighter may be removed from the field for the remainder of the day or event.
e More details, including details of other penalties such as probation, suspension or removal of authorisations may be found in the Rapier Marshals Handbook.
5. MELEE:
Melee combats present special challenges to all involved. Society norms are as specified below: A. In melees, fighters are engaged with all opponents immediately upon the call to lay on.
B. Fighters may strike any opponent with any legal blow if they are within the 180 degree arc of the opponent's front. A fighter who approaches an opponent from behind shall not deliver a blow until he is within that frontal arc. A fighter may never deliberately strike an opponent from behind.
C. Killing from behind is allowed if it has been announced beforehand. The Society norm for "death from behind" in melees shall be followed: If a melee scenario allows killing from behind, a fighter does so by laying the rapier blade over the opponent's shoulder, to at least a third of the blade, while calling "Dead, my lord" (or other short, courteous phrases) in a loud, clear voice. Reaching around the neck is forbidden. The opponent will be deemed "killed" from the instant the blade touches his shoulder and shall not attempt to spin, duck or dodge away.
i. If death from behind is not allowed in a given melee, a fighter who deliberately ignores an attacker behind them, or repeatedly manoeuvres to keep their back to an attacker (thereby preventing any attack on them) may be considered for misuse of the rules and obstructive behaviour.
ii. Daggers may also be used to kill from behind but care must be taken not to punch or strike the fighter with the guard or quillons of the dagger when so used.
D. In special scenario melees (e.g., bridge or town battles), additional restrictions may be imposed by the marshals as needed.
E. Cut-and-thrust fencing may not be used in melees.
7. PERIODIC TESTING OF PROTECTIVE GEAR:
Kingdoms shall require all gear to have been formally tested (including fabric and mask tests, as appropriate) at least once every two years. Compliance is the responsibility of the individual fighter. Any protective gear may be formally tested if there is concern that the gear may have lost protective ability due to age, wear and tear, or other factors. Refer to Appendix 1 on Testing Standards.
8. UNFORESEEN SITUATIONS:
Should a situation arise not explicitly covered by Corporate or Kingdom period fencing rules, the marshals should NOT assume that the situation is forbidden or inappropriate. Again: However, no matter how clear or accurate, rules cannot replace common sense, good judgment, and concern for the participants.
V. QUALIFICATIONS FOR AUTHORISATION
A. Waivers: All fencers must have a valid waiver to be allowed to fence or authorise at events held under SCA, Inc. jurisdiction. At events organised by SCA, Inc. affiliates the responsible organisation may impose similar requirements as necessary.
B. MINORS: The minimum age for participating in fencing, including training and authorisation, is 18, except in those countries where younger participation is permitted. The minimum age shall never be younger than 14, and details of current alternate ages are listed in appendix 6. Under SCA, Inc. jurisdiction the permission to lower the minimum age is granted after legal opinion to that effect has been submitted to the Kingdom Earl Marshal; under the jurisdiction of an SCA, Inc. affiliate that organisation has the responsibility for determining the legal issues involved and for informing the Kingdom Earl Marshal.
When fighters under the age of legal majority undertake training and authorisation, the Kingdom Rapier Marshal or his designated representatives shall ensure that the minor's parent or legal guardian has observed fencing, is aware of the risks of injury inherent in this martial art, and has signed a statement explicitly acknowledging the above.
C. The fencer will be familiar with the rules and armour requirements for fencing in Drachenwald.
D. The fencer, in the view of the marshal, poses no significant threat of injury either to themselves or their opponent.
E. The fencer can define and demonstrate some defensive capabilities (a minimum of 2 types of parries).
G. A fencer who authorises in one blade type may also use with that blade type all weapon forms authorised with other blade types, and vice-versa. An exception is using two swords (Also known as ‘case’). Due to weight differences, fighters must authorise separately with a case of heavy and light blades.
H. Weapons Forms (note: these abbreviations will be used on the authorisation card).
1. Light fencing blades (F/E)- the fencer may use a single light fencing sword with all weapons forms in which they are authorised with any blade types (except SR2) .
2. Heavy fencing blades (Slgr) - This shows a fencer may use a single heavy fencing sword with all weapons forms in which they are authorised with any blade type (except R2).
3 Cut and-thrust blades (C&T) – the fencer may use a single Cut-and-thrust fencing sword with all weapons forms in which they are authorised with any blade types (except R2) .
4. Two light fencing swords (R2) -This form will consist of two light fencing swords.
5. Two heavy fencing swords (SR2) - This form consists of two heavy fencing swords.
6. Fencing sword and Rigid Parrying Device (Rr)-This form shall consist of one fencing sword and one rigid parrying device such as a buckler, scabbard, or mug, etc.
7. Fencing sword and dagger (Rd) - This form shall consist of a fencing sword and a dagger. It also allows use of a dagger on it’s own or in a pair.
8. Fencing sword and Non-rigid Parrying device (Rnr) -This form shall consist of a fencing sword and a non-rigid parrying device such as a cloak or hat.
VI. APPENDIX
Appendices can be found in one or more separate documents. They are:
Appendix 1 - Testing Standards For SCA
Appendix 2 - Procedures For Experimentation In Period Fencing
Appendix 3 - Procedures For Creation Of A Drop Tester
Appendix 4 - Procedures For Use Of A Drop Tester
Appendix 5 - Blade Types And Conventions
Appendix 6 - Variations in Age to Fence in Drachenwald
Appendix 7 – Terms and Definitions Updated 8th June 2007
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